Francis ellekshausen



Patented Oct. '1. 1851 4 F. ELLERSHAUSEN.

Refining Cast-Steel.

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FRANGIS ELLERSHAUSEN, OF OTTAWA, CANADA.

Letters Patent No. 69,417, datcd October 1', 1867; patented n CanadaSeptember 14, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFAGTURE OF GAST STBEL.

mc thehme mentir in 111952 tctters nteut mit making no n tize tante.

TO ALL WHQM IT MAY CONOERN:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS ELLERSHAUSEN, of Ottawa city, in theDominion of Canada, have invented :L new and useful Improvement in theMunufacture of Cast Steel; and I do hcreby declare the following to be afull, clear, andexact description of the szune, reference being hed tothe uccompanying dmw'ings, forming port of this specification, in which-Figure 1 represente ahorizontol section of furnace at fire-burs on lineA B, figs. 2 and 3.

Figure 2 represente :L vertical section of furnace on line O D, fig. 1.

Figure 3 represents a vertical section of furnace on line E-F, fig. 1.

Similm' lctters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the severnlfigures.

In the dr iwings, O represents the cxternztl shell of the furnnce, andmoy be constructed in o, Square form, ns shown in fig. 1, of brick orother suitable material. A chimney of suiteble height will bo corried upfrom the furnace, und is marked on the drawings as O'. The inner sido ofthe furna-ce nml chimney is lineal with fire-brick, E,orl'anged in thepeculiar form shown in the drawings. The inside of this fm'nace isdivided into two listinctfu1'na,ces,A and B, one piaced over the other,:ind sep-rated by a, hearth-plate, D, oi' some refmctory material. C isa fire-grnte placed near the bottom of the lower furnoce A for thereception of the fuel. The division hearth-plete D moy be made ofplumbogo,.0r other refractory material. For the reception of this platea check or rccess is made in the wall, and o suitoble allowanee made forexpansion on all sides, or :t shelf or shoulder may be mode round thewall sufiiciently wide to support the hearth-plete D and to permit it tobe easily removed by Simply lifting it up. The plate will be of :Lcurved form, os shown in figs. 2 and. 3, andpossess :z declivity towardthe point of discharge of about hnlf an ineh. F is a. suitoble aperturethrough the shell of the furnace, placed about two feet above thehearth-plate. By this aperture is introduced the cherge, consisting offuel and ore, into the upper furnaee B for the blooming process. G is eblust pipe to the upper fnrnace, entering the some about ten inchesabove the hearth-plate. H is the blast pipe of the lower furnace, andenters the same below the grato-bois, as shown in the druwings. J is aChannel for introducing the molten cost iron or cerbonized 'compounds ofiron into the upper furnace B, and leads from the henrth of an ordinuryblastfurnace. It may be made of clny. K is the feeiling-opening or (loorof the lower furnace for the introduction of fuel into the some. L is odischnrge-hole for the molten metal, of about one inch in diameter,placcd at the lower end of the hezxrth-plate. M is a. hole for theescape of the Blog.

With the foregoing brief description of my invention, to which I havegiven the name of Ellershausen s Crucible Furnncc for Manufacturing CastSteel direct from the Iron Oro, 01' from Iron Ore in connection withWrought Iron, I will now prooeed to describe the inoc le of working thesome. The furnace hzwing been arrange. in the manner describe l, thenpper furnuce B, in connection With the hearth-p'late D, forms a,retort, which I term ii crucible, to be heated in the inside by churcoalor pure charreil petit to o suificient extent for the blooming process,and on the outside on the bottom by the fire of the lower furnace A,which is fed with fuel adopted for giving en intenso heat, combustionbeing maintained in both furnaces by the blast pipes. After both of thefurnaces are hcateil suiliciently I introduce through the chnnnel J such:t proportion of molten earbonized iron into the upper furnuce os isrequired to produce a. given quantity of Cast steol by the union withwrought iron, (for inStanGe, twenty por cont of highly carbonized ironsmelted with eighty por cent. of molten iron will give cost steel ofabout one per cent; of carbon.) The process of blooming iron from ironore in the .upper furnece is to be commenced, and such o. propor-tionoi' blooms of iron has t-o be sunl in the bath oi' the Cast iron as isrequired to produce n.- given quantity of cest stoel by the union withcnrbonized iron. Difi erent quo-lities of cast steel may be produced byvarying the proportions of cost to wrought iron. During the operationthe lower 'urnace is to be kept heoted to o suflicient clogree tomaintain the metal in the upper furnace iu o state of fusion After theblooming process is over the metal is drawn ofi' and moulded into ingotsas cast Steel, Cast Steel thus menu .factured is as cheap as wroughtiron.

The mannfuctnre of Cast steel from iro'n ore in connection with wroughtiron is as follows, Viz: After the introduction of cnrbonizecl iron intothe nppcr furnace, I smelt wrought iron in the seine, with the edditionof pulverized iron ore in such quantities that the decnrhonization ofthe smelted wrought iron is efi'ected by the addition of the oxide oi'iron (iron ore) before it sinks into the bath of the previouslyintrodnced carbonized ron. ,In this manner warm-out mils of railwuys maybe converted into casi: steel, which, if' desiruble, muy be againmunufaeturcd into stoel mils. Cast Steel manufactured by my metliod, asbefore dcscribed is both superior in quality and produced at a much lesscost than by any of the systems heretofore made use of.

I do not confi-ne myself to the' precise details herein set forth, asthey may be slightly varied with the form and size of the furnaeesemployed Having thus described my invention, what; I elaim as new; :inddcsre to SGGLU'O by Letters Patent, is-

1. The furriaee above descrbecl, eonsisting of the retort B,heurth-plate D, and lo'wer fire-chambcr A, Wllcn the parts areeonstructed, eombincd, and arranged in' the manuel' above set foi-th andfor the purpose specified.

2. The hearth-plate D, in a, furriace containng the retort B undfire-Chamber A, substantiully as and foxthe purpose seb foi-th. r

3. The process of obtaining cast Steel directly from ron ore, or fromiron ore in connection with wrought iron, substantially as abovedcscribed.

FRANCIS ELLERSHAUSEN.

Witnesses:

JAMES I-I. GRIDLEY, NATHAN K. ELLSWORTH.

